Spectral Envelopes

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11 Spectral Envelopes

MASTER.	diemo98 [Sch98c]
Author	Diemo Schwarz
Title	Spectral Envelopes in Sound Analysis and Synthesis
Type	Diplomarbeit Nr. 1622
School	Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Informatik
Address	Stuttgart, Germany
Month	June
Year	1998
url	`http://www.ircam.fr/anasyn/schwarz/da/`
official-url	`http://www.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/cgi-bin/ncstrl_rep_view.pl?/inf/ftp/pub/library/medoc.ustuttgart_fi/DIP-1622/DIP-1622.bib`
Abstract	In this project, Spectral Envelopes in Sound Analysis and Synthesis, various methods for estimation, representation, file storage, manipulation, and application of spectral envelopes to sound synthesis were evaluated, improved, and implemented. A prototyping and testing environment was developed, and a function library to handle spectral envelopes was designed and implemented. For the estimation of spectral envelopes, after defining the requirements, the methods LPC, cepstrum, and discrete cepstrum were examined, and also improvements of the discrete cepstrum method (regularization, stochastic (or probabilistic) smoothing, logarithmic frequency scaling, and adding control points). An evaluation with a large corpus of sound data showed the feasibility of discrete cepstrum spectral envelope estimation. After defining the requirements for the representation of spectral envelopes, filter coefficients, spectral representation, break-point functions, splines, formant representation, and high resolution matching pursuit were examined. A combined spectral representation with indication of the regions of formants (called fuzzy formants) was defined to allow for integration of spectral envelopes with precise formant descriptions. For file storage, new data types were defined for the Sound Description Interchange Format (SDIF) standard. Methods for manipulation were examined, especially interpolation between spectral envelopes, and between spectral envelopes and formants, and other manipulations, based on primitive operations on spectral envelopes. For sound synthesis, application of spectral envelopes to additive synthesis, and time-domain or frequency-domain filtering have been examined. For prototyping and testing of the algorithms, a spectral envelope viewing program was developed. Finally, the spectral envelope library, offering complete functionality of spectral envelope handling, was developed according to the principles of software engineering.

MASTER.	diemo98-short [Sch98a]
Author	D. Schwarz
Title	*Spectral Envelopes in Sound Analysis and Synthesis*
Type	Diplomarbeit Nr. 1622
School	Universität Stuttgart, Fakultät Informatik
Address	Stuttgart, Germany
Year	1998

MASTER.	diemo98-sshort [Sch98b]
Author	D. Schwarz
Title	*Spectral Envelopes in Sound Analysis and Synthesis*
Type	Diplomarbeit
School	Universität Stuttgart, Informatik
Year	1998

BOOK	bookbeauchamp [Bea00]
Editor	James Beauchamp
Title	The Sound of Music
Publisher	Springer
Address	New York
Year	2000

INBOOK	bookbeauchamp-specenv [RSb]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Diemo Schwarz
Title	Spectral Envelopes and Additive+Residual Analysis-Synthesis
Note	In J. Beauchamp, ed. The Sound of Music. Springer, New York, to be published 2000

INBOOK	bookbeauchamp-specenv-short [RSa]
Author	X. Rodet, D. Schwarz
Title	Spectral Envelopes and Additive+Residual Analysis-Synthesis
Note	In J. Beauchamp, ed. The Sound of Music. Springer, N.Y., to be published

INPROC.	holmes83 [Hol83a]
Author	J. N. Holmes
Title	Formant synthesizers: Cascade or Parallel
Booktitle	Speech Communication
Year	1983
Volume	2
Pages	251--273

INPROC.	holmes83-short [Hol83b]
Author	J. N. Holmes
Title	Formant synthesizers: Cascade or Parallel
Booktitle	Speech Communication
Volume	2
Year	1983

BOOK	hamming77 [Ham77b]
Author	Richard Wesley Hamming
Title	Digital Filters
Publisher	Prentice--Hall
Series	Signal Processing Series
Address	Englewood Cliffs
Year	1977

BOOK	hamming77-short [Ham77a]
Author	R. W. Hamming
Title	Digital Filters
Publisher	Prentice--Hall
Series	Signal Processing Series
Year	1977

INPROC.	fft-2 [FRD93a]
Author	A. Freed, X. Rodet, Ph. Depalle
Title	Performance, Synthesis and Control of Additive Synthesis on a Desktop Computer Using FFT^-1
Booktitle	Proceedings of the 19th International Computer Music Conference
Address	Waseda University Center for Scholarly Information
Year	1993
Publisher	International Computer Music Association
url	`http://cnmat.CNMAT.Berkeley.EDU/~adrian/FFT-1/FFT-1_ICMC93.html`

INPROC.	fft-2-short [FRD93b]
Author	A. Freed, X. Rodet, Ph. Depalle
Title	Performance, Synthesis and Control of Additive Synthesis on a Desktop Computer Using FFT^-1
Booktitle	Proc. ICMC
Year	1993

INPROC.	fft-3 [SBHL97d]
Author	Xavier Serra, Jordi Bonada, Perfecto Herrera, Ramon Loureiro
Title	Integrating complementary spectral models in the design of a musical synthesizer
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference
Year	1997
url	`http://www.iua.upf.es/~xserra/articles/spectral-models/`

INPROC.	fft-3-short [SBHL97a]
Author	X. Serra, J. Bonada, P. Herrera, R. Loureiro
Title	Integrating Complementary Spectral Models in the Design of a Musical Synthesizer
Booktitle	Proc. ICMC
Year	1997

PHDTHESIS	marine-thesis [Oud98b]
Author	Marine Campedel Oudot
Title	Étude du modèle ``sinusoïdes et bruit'' pour le traitement de la parole. Estimation robuste de l'enveloppe spectrale
Type	Thèse
School	Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications
Address	Paris, France
Month	November
Year	1998

PHDTHESIS	marine-thesis-short [Oud98a]
Author	M. Campedel Oudot
Title	Étude du modèle sinusoïdes et bruit pour le traitement de la parole. Estimation robuste de l'enveloppe spectrale
Type	Thèse
School	ENST
Address	Paris
Year	1998

INPROC.	jmax99 [DCMS99]
Author	François Déchelle, Maurizio De Cecco, Enzo Maggi, Norbert Schnell
Title	*jMax* Recent Developments
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference
Year	1999

INPROC.	jmax99-short [DDMS99]
Author	F. Déchelle, M. DeCecco, E. Maggi, N. Schnell
Title	*jMax* Recent Developments
Booktitle	Proc. ICMC
Year	1999

INPROC.	jmax2000 [DSBO00b]
Author	François Déchelle, Norbert Schnell, Ricardo Borghesi, Nicolas Orio
Title	The *jMax* Environment: An Overview of New Features
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference
Address	Berlin
Year	2000

INPROC.	jmax2000-short [DSBO00a]
Author	F. Déchelle, N. Schnell, R. Borghesi, N. Orio
Title	The *jMax* Environment: An Overview of New Features
Booktitle	Proc. ICMC
Address	Berlin
Year	2000

INPROC.	lemur95 [FHH95a]
Author	K. Fitz, L. Haken, B. Holloway
Title	Lemur -- A Tool for Timbre Manipulation
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference
Pages	158--161
Address	Banff
Month	September
Year	1995

INPROC.	lemur95-short [FHH95b]
Author	K. Fitz, L. Haken, B. Holloway
Title	Lemur -- A Tool for Timbre Manipulation
Booktitle	Proc. ICMC
Year	1995

INPROC.	HRMP [GBM+96]
Author	R. Gribonval, E. Bacry, S. Mallat, Ph. Depalle, X. Rodet
Title	Analysis of Sound Signals with High Resolution Matching Pursuit
Booktitle	Proceedings of the IEEE Time--Frequency and Time--Scale Workshop (TFTS)
Year	1996
Note	www [AS00]
url	`\url{http://www.ircam.fr/anasyn/listePublications/articlesRodet/TFTS96/tfts96.ps.gz}`

INPROC.	HRMP2 [GDR+96]
Author	R. Gribonval, Ph. Depalle, X. Rodet, E. Bacry, S. Mallat
Title	Sound Signal Decomposition using a High Resolution Matching Pursuit
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC)
Location	Clear Water Bay, Hong-Kong
Month	August
Year	1996
Note	www [AS00]
abstract-url	`\url{http://www.ircam.fr/anasyn/listePublications/articlesRodet/ICMC96HRMP/abstract.txt}`
url	`\url{http://www.ircam.fr/anasyn/listePublications/articlesRodet/ICMC96HRMP/ICMC96HRMP.ps.gz}`

ARTICLE	fof [Rod84b]
Author	Xavier Rodet
Title	Time-Domain Formant-Wave-Function Synthesis
Journal	Computer Music Journal
Volume	8
Number	3
Month	Fall
Year	1984
Pages	9--14
Note	reprinted from [Sim80]

ARTICLE	fof-short [Rod84a]
Author	X. Rodet
Title	Time-Domain Formant-Wave-Function Synthesis
Journal	Computer Music Journal
Month	Fall
Year	1984

BOOK	fof2 [Sim80]
Editor	J. C. Simon
Title	Spoken Language Generation and Understanding
Publisher	D. Reidel Publishing Company
Address	Dordrecht, Holland
Year	1980

ARTICLE	chant [RPB84b]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Yves Potard, Jean--Baptiste Barrière
Title	The Chant--Project: From the Synthesis of the Singing Voice to Synthesis in General
Journal	Computer Music Journal
Volume	8
Number	3
Month	Fall
Year	1984
Pages	15--31

ARTICLE	chant-short [RPB84a]
Author	X. Rodet, Y. Potard, J.--B. Barrière
Title	The Chant--Project: From the Synthesis of the Singing Voice to Synthesis in General
Journal	Computer Music Journal
Month	Fall
Year	1984

ARTICLE	chant2 [RPB85]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Yves Potard, Jean--Baptiste Barrière
Title	CHANT: de la synthèse de la voix chantée à la synthèse en général
Journal	Rapports de recherche IRCAM
Address	Paris
Year	1985
Note	Available online³

MANUAL	chant-manual [Vir97]
Author	Dominique Virolle
Title	La Librairie CHANT: Manuel d'utilisation des fonctions en C
Month	April
Year	1997
Note	Available online⁴

INPROC.	dcep1 [GR90]
Author	Thierry Galas, Xavier Rodet
Title	An Improved Cepstral Method for Deconvolution of Source--Filter Systems with Discrete Spectra: Application to Musical Sound Signals
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC)
Address	Glasgow
Month	September
Year	1990
Notes	dcep with cloud, some pictures, middle (3 pages)

INPROC.	dcep2 [GR91b]
Author	Thierry Galas, Xavier Rodet
Title	Generalized Discrete Cepstral Analysis for Deconvolution of Source--Filter Systems with Discrete Spectra
Booktitle	IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics
Address	New Paltz, New York
Month	October
Year	1991
Notes	dcep with cloud, no pictures, short (2 pages)

INPROC.	dcep3 [GR91c]
Author	Thierry Galas, Xavier Rodet
Title	Generalized Functional Approximation for Source--Filter System Modeling
Booktitle	Proc. Eurospeech
Address	Geneve
Year	1991
Pages	1085--1088
Notes	power spectrum modeling, all pole, dcep with cloud, log frequency, many pictures

INPROC.	dcep3-short [GR91a]
Author	Th. Galas, X. Rodet
Title	Generalized Functional Approximation for Source--Filter System Modeling
Booktitle	Proc. Eurospeech
Year	1991

INPROC.	marine1 [OCM97]
Author	M. Oudot, O. Cappé, E. Moulines
Title	Robust Estimation of the Spectral Envelope for ``Harmonics+Noise'' Models
Booktitle	IEEE Workshop on Speech coding
Address	Pocono Manor
Month	September
Year	1997

INPROC.	marine97 [COM97]
Author	O. Cappé, M. Oudot, E. Moulines
Title	Spectral Envelope Estimation using a Penalized Likelihood Criterion
Booktitle	IEEE ASSP Workshop on App. of Sig. Proc. to Audio and Acoust.
Address	Mohonk
Month	October
Year	1997

ARTICLE	dcep-reg [CM96]
Author	O. Cappé, E. Moulines
Title	Regularization Techniques for Discrete Cepstrum Estimation
Journal	IEEE Signal Processing Letters
Volume	3
Number	4
Pages	100--102
Month	April
Year	1996

INPROC.	xspect [RFL96]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Dominique François, Guillaume Levy
Title	Xspect: a New Motif Signal Visualisation, Analysis and Editing Program
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC)
Location	Hong Kong
Month	August
Year	1996
Note	Available online⁵

MANUAL	xspect-manual [RF96]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Dominique François
Title	XSPECT: Introduction
Month	January
Year	1996
Note	Available online⁶

INPROC.	hmm [DGR93a]
Author	Ph. Depalle, G. Garcia, X. Rodet
Title	Tracking of Partials for Additive Sound Synthesis Using Hidden Markov Models
Note	Abstract⁷
Pages	225--228
Booktitle	IEEE Trans.
Year	1993
Month	April

INPROC.	hmm-short [DGR93b]
Author	Ph. Depalle, G. Garcia, X. Rodet
Title	Tracking of Partials for Additive Sound Synthesis Using Hidden Markov Models
Pages	225--228
Booktitle	IEEE Trans.
Year	1993

INPROC.	additive [Rod97b]
Author	Xavier Rodet
Title	Musical Sound Signals Analysis/Synthesis: Sinusoidal+Residual and Elementary Waveform Models
Booktitle	Proceedings of the IEEE Time--Frequency and Time--Scale Workshop (TFTS)
Month	August
Year	1997
Note	Abstract⁸, PostScript⁹ www.ircam.fr/anasyn/listePublications/articlesRodet/TFTS97/TFTS97.ps.gz

INPROC.	additive-short [Rod97a]
Author	X. Rodet
Title	Musical Sound Signals Analysis/Synthesis: Sinusoidal+Residual and Elementary Waveform Models
Booktitle	Proc. IEEE Time--Frequency/Time--Scale Workshop
Year	1997

MANUAL	additive-manual [Rod97c]
Author	Xavier Rodet
Title	The Additive Analysis--Synthesis Package
Year	1997
Note	Available online¹⁰

INPROC.	diphones [RL97b]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Adrien Lefèvre
Title	The Diphone Program: New Features, new Synthesis Methods and Experience of Musical Use
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC)
Month	September
Year	1997
Address	Tessaloniki, Greece
Note	Abstract¹¹, PostScript¹² www.ircam.fr/anasyn/listePublications/articlesRodet/ICMC97/ICMC97Diphone.ps.gz

INPROC.	diphones-nourl [RL97c]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Adrien Lefèvre
Title	The Diphone Program: New Features, new Synthesis Methods and Experience of Musical Use
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC)
Month	September
Year	1997
Address	Tessaloniki, Greece
abstract-url	`http://www.ircam.fr/anasyn/listePublications/articlesRodet/ICMC97/ICMC97DiphoneAbstract.html`
postscript-url	`http://www.ircam.fr/anasyn/listePublications/articlesRodet/ICMC97/ICMC97Diphone.ps.gz`

INPROC.	diphones-short [RL97a]
Author	X. Rodet, A. Lefèvre
Title	The Diphone Program: New Features, new Synthesis Methods and Experience of Musical Use
Booktitle	Proc. ICMC
Address	Tessaloniki
Year	1997

INPROC.	fft-1 [RD92]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Phillipe Depalle
Title	A new additive synthesis method using inverse Fourier transform and spectral envelopes
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC)
Month	October
Year	1992

MANUAL	sdif-manual [Vir98]
Author	Dominique Virolle
Title	Sound Description Interchange Format (SDIF)
Month	January
Year	1998
Note	Available online¹³

INPROC.	fts [DDPZ94]
Author	François Dechelle, Maurizio DeCecco, Miller Puckette, David Zicarelli
Title	The IRCAM ``Real-Time Platform'': Evolution and Perspectives
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC)
Location	Aarhus, Danemark
Year	1994
Note	Available online¹⁴

ARTICLE	fts-basics [Puc91b]
Author	Miller Puckette
Title	FTS: A Real-Time Monitor for Multiprocessor Music Synthesis
Journal	Computer Music Journal
Volume	15
Number	3
Pages	58--67
Month	Winter
Year	1991
Note	Available from¹⁵

ARTICLE	max [Puc91a]
Author	Miller Puckette
Title	Combining Event and Signal Processing in the MAX Graphical Programming Environment
Journal	Computer Music Journal
Volume	15
Number	3
Pages	68--77
Month	Winter
Year	1991
Note	Available from¹⁶

INPROC.	specenv-rod [RDP87b]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Phillipe Depalle, G. Poirot
Title	Speech Analysis and Synthesis Methods Based on Spectral Envelopes and Voiced/Unvoiced Functions
Booktitle	European Conference on Speech Tech.
Location	Edinburgh
Month	September
Year	1987

INPROC.	specenv-rod-short [RDP87a]
Author	X. Rodet, Ph. Depalle, G. Poirot
Title	Speech Analysis and Synthesis Methods Based on Spectral Envelopes and Voiced/Unvoiced Functions
Booktitle	European Conf. on Speech Tech.
Location	Edinburgh
Year	1987

INPROC.	control [FRD92b]
Author	Adrian Freed, Xavier Rodet, Phillipe Depalle
Title	Synthesis and Control of Hundreds of Sinusoidal Partials on a Desktop Computer without Custom Hardware
Booktitle	ICSPAT
Location	San José
Year	1992
Note	Available online¹⁷
Notes	fft-1, fm, se better than BPF

INPROC.	control-short [FRD92a]
Author	A. Freed, X. Rodet, Ph. Depalle
Title	Synthesis and Control of Hundreds of Sinusoidal Partials on a Desktop Computer without Custom Hardware
Booktitle	ICSPAT
Year	1992

INPROC.	newposs [RDG95]
Author	Xavier Rodet, Philippe Depalle, Guillermo García
Title	New Possibilities in Sound Analysis and Synthesis
Booktitle	ISMA
Location	Dourdan
Year	1995
Note	Available online¹⁸ PostScript¹⁹
Notes	fft-1 + se, phys. models, ana/syn overview, farinelli

INPROC.	farinelli [DGR94]
Author	Philippe Depalle, Guillermo García, Xavier Rodet
Title	A Virtual Castrato (!?)
Booktitle	Proceedings of the International Computer Music Conference (ICMC)
Location	Aarhus, Danemark
Year	1994
Note	Available online²⁰

MANUAL	udi [WRD92]
Author	Peter Wyngaard, Chris Rogers, Philippe Depalle
Title	UDI 2.1---A Unified DSP Interface
Year	1992
Note	Available online²¹

MANUAL	pm [Gar94]
Author	Guillermo García
Title	Pm: A library for additive analysis/transformation/synthesis
Month	July
Year	1994
Note	Available online²²

INPROC.	escher [WSR98]
Author	Marcelo M. Wanderley, Norbert Schnell, Joseph Rovan
Title	ESCHER---Modeling and Performing composed Instruments in real-time
Booktitle	IEEE Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Conference
Location	San Diego
Month	October
Year	1998
Note	To be published

BOOK	nat [Hen98]
Author	Nathalie Henrich
Title	Synthèse de la voix chantée par règles
Month	July
Year	1998
Publisher	IRCAM
Address	Paris, France
Note	Rapport de stage D.E.A. Acoustique, Traitement de Signal et Informatique Appliqués à la Musique

MISC	z [Mel97]
Author	Jason Meldrum
Title	The Z--Transform
Note	Online tutorial²³
Year	1997

BOOK	dsp [OS75]
Author	Alan V. Oppenheim, Ronald W. Schafer
Title	Digital Signal Processing
Year	1975
Publisher	Prentice--Hall

INBOOK	dspapp [Opp78]
Editor	Alan V. Oppenheim
Chapter	Digital Processing of Speech
Title	Applications of Digital Signal Processing
Pages	117--168
Year	1978
Publisher	Prentice--Hall

BOOK	dsp-intro [RH91]
Author	Stuart Rosen, Peter Howell
Title	Signals and Systems for Speech and Hearing
Year	1991
Publisher	Academic Press
Address	London

BOOK	roads [Roa96]
Author	Curtis Roads
Title	The Computer Music Tutorial
Year	1996
Publisher	MIT Press

BOOK	grey80 [MG80]
Author	J.D. Markel, A.H. Gray
Title	Linear Prediction of Speech
Publisher	Springer
Year	1980

INPROC.	toeplitz [MP82]
Author	G. A. Merchant, T. W. Parks
Title	Efficient Solution of a Toeplitz--plus Hankel Coefficient Matrix System of Equations
Booktitle	IEEE TASSP
Volume	30
Pages	40--44
Month	February
Year	1982

BOOK	psycho [Zwi82]
Author	Eberhard Zwicker
Title	Psychoakustik
Year	1982
Publisher	Springer

INPROC.	splinelpc [TAW97]
Author	Keith A. Teague, Walter Andrews, Buddy Walls
Title	Enhanced Modeling of Discrete Spectral Amplitudes
Booktitle	IEEE Workshop on Speech coding
Address	Pocono Manor
Month	September
Year	1997

INCOLL.	ICS94 [vS94]
Author	R. von Sachs
Title	Peak-insensitive non-parametric spectrum estimation
Booktitle	Journal of time series analysis
Year	1994
Volume	15
Number	4
Pages	429--452

ARTICLE	additive-idea [RM69]
Author	J.C. Risset, M.V. Mathews
Title	Analysis of musical-instrument tones
Journal	Physics Today
Volume	22
Number	2
Pages	23--30
Month	February
Year	1969

INPROC.	splines [UAE93]
Author	Michael Unser, Akram Aldroubi, Murray Eden
Title	B--Spline Signal Processing: Part I---Theory
Volume	41
Optnumber	2
Pages	821--833
Booktitle	IEEE Transactions on signal processing
Year	1993

MISC	speechana [Rob98]
Author	Tony Robinson
Title	Speech Analysis
Note	Online tutorial²⁴
Year	1998

ARTICLE	MultiscaleEdges [MZ92]
Author	S. Mallat, S. Zhong
Title	Characterization of Signals from Multiscale Edges
Journal	IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Machine Intell.
Year	1992
Volume	40
Number	7
Pages	2464--2482
Month	July

ARTICLE	Ridges [DEG+92]
Author	N. Delprat, B. Escudié, P. Guillemain, R. Kronland-Martinet, Ph. Tchamitchian, B. Torrésani
Title	Asymptotic Wavelet and Gabor Analysis : Extraction of Instantaneous Frequency
Year	1992
Volume	38
Number	2
Pages	644--664
Month	March

ARTICLE	Ridges2 [GKM96]
Author	Ph. Guillemain, R. Kronland-Martinet
Title	Characterization of Acoustic Signals Through Continuous Linear Time--Frequency Representations
Year	1996
Volume	84
Number	4
Pages	561--585
Month	April

BOOK	mallat [Mal97]
Author	Stephane Mallat
Title	A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing
Publisher	AP Professional
Address	London
Year	1997

BOOK	chan [Cha95]
Author	Y. T. Chan
Title	Wavelet Basics
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publ.
Address	Boston
Year	1995

BOOK	wavelets [Hub97]
Author	Barbara Burke Hubbard
Title	The World According to Wavelets: The Story of a Mathematical Technique in the Making
Publisher	A K Peters Ltd
Year	1997

INBOOK	IBspline [AE]
Author	Aldroubi, Eden
Title	Wavelet analysis and its applications
Chapter	Polynomial Spline and Wavelets
Publisher	???
Year	???
Volume	2

BOOK	instrument-character [vH54]
Author	Hermann L. von Helmholtz
Title	On the Sensations of Tone as a Physiological Basis for the Theory of Music
Publisher	Dover
Address	New York
Year	1954
Note	Original title: [vH13]

BOOK	helmholtz [vH13]
Author	Hermann L. von Helmholtz
Title	Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen: als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik
Publisher	Vieweg
Address	Braunschweig
Edition	6th
Year	1913

BOOK	helmholtz-reprint [vH83]
Author	Hermann L. von Helmholtz
Title	Die Lehre von den Tonempfindungen: als physiologische Grundlage für die Theorie der Musik
Publisher	Georg Olms Verlag
Address	Hildesheim
Year	1983

BOOK	clark-yallop [CY96]
Author	John E. Clark, Colin Yallop
Title	An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
Publisher	Blackwell
Address	Oxford
Year	1996

ARTICLE	prosody-tilt [Dog95]
Author	Grzegorz Dogil
Title	Phonetic Correlates of Word Stress
Journal	AIMS Phonetik (Working Papers of the Department of Natural Language Processing)
Volume	2
Number	2
Publisher	Institut für Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung
Location	Stuttgart, Germany
Address	Stuttgart, Germany
Year	1995
Note	Contents²⁵

BOOK	jackson1 [Jac95a]
Author	Michael Jackson
Title	Software requirements & specifications : a lexicon of practice, principles, and prejudices
Publisher	Addison--Wesley
Address	Wokingham
Year	1995

BOOK	jackson2 [Jac83]
Author	Michael A. Jackson
Title	System development
Publisher	Prentice--Hall Intern.
Address	Englewood Cliffs
Year	1983
Series	Prentice--Hall International series in computer science

BOOK	nagl [Nag90]
Author	Manfred Nagl
Title	Softwaretechnik: methodisches Programmieren im Großen
Publisher	Springer
Address	Berlin
Year	1990
Series	Springer compass

BOOK	sommerville [Som85]
Author	Ian Sommerville
Title	Software engineering
Edition	2nd
Publisher	Addison--Wesley
Address	Wokingham [u.a.]
Year	1985
Series	International computer science series

BOOK	iau [Utt93]
Author	Ian A. Utting
Title	Lecture Notes in Object-Oriented Software Engineering
Publisher	University of Kent at Canterbury
Address	Canterbury, UK
Year	1993

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